As a parent, seeing your child constantly scratching their skin can be distressing. Eczema, a skin condition that affects many children, can cause red, dry, itchy patches on the skin that result from inflammation. Dr Melanie Majaham, a consultant paediatrician at Sunway Medical Centre Velocity (SMCV), explains that eczema usually happens in a child who has a tendency for dry skin. When exposed to triggers such as chemicals, sweat, and heat, their skin becomes inflamed and very itchy, causing them to scratch constantly, which further damages the skin.
Dr. Melanie stresses that damaged skin is very prone to bacterial, viral, and fungal infections, which can lead to further complications. Sometimes, the child may experience pain, constant discomfort, and even require hospitalization to get IV antibiotics and antiviral drugs. It is therefore essential to seek proper treatment for eczema.
The treatment options for eczema depend on the phase of the condition. During active flare-ups, steroid-based creams may be needed to reduce inflammation and break the itch-cycle. In situations where the skin is infected, antibiotics and antiviral medications may be required. During the subacute/chronic phase, where the skin is merely dry but not actively inflamed, maintenance therapy is crucial to prevent flare-ups.
This includes the use of intensive moisturizing creams that are free of fragrance and certain chemicals. It is also important to bathe the child with soap-free solutions to prevent excessive drying of the skin.
Dr. Melanie further emphasizes that wet skin should be patted and dried gently with a towel, as water that is too warm worsens eczema. It is also essential to note that children with eczema can develop food allergies, allergic rhinitis, and asthma, which is known as the “atopic march.” This is a natural progression of allergic diseases from infancy into adulthood.
Dr Juani Hayyan Abdul Karaf, a consultant ear, nose, and throat and head and neck surgeon at SMCV, explains that the atopic march happens when children continue to develop inter-related allergies in childhood that begin with eczema. Atopy, an excessive immune response, can cause a whole body reaction. The atopic march starts with a skin condition, as it is the body’s first barrier that can be breached. The body’s response can continue and manifest later on as food allergies, allergic rhinitis, and asthma.
Final Thoughts
In conclusion, eczema can be a challenging condition for children and their parents to manage. However, with proper treatment and care, it can be controlled, and the child can enjoy a better quality of life. As parents, it is important to understand the triggers of eczema and how to manage the condition effectively. Encouraging healthy habits such as regular exercise, spending time outdoors, maintaining a healthy weight, and getting plenty of sleep can also help build a stronger immune system, reducing the risk of further complications. If you suspect your child has eczema, seek medical advice promptly to ensure they receive the right treatment.